shrine a small replica of a foot (along with a sacrificial offering, of course). These objects were produced by local craftsmen and available for sale to those who visited shrines and temples. There were also the scheduled rituals in honor of the traditional guardian deities of the various cities, and even rituals acknowledging the household deities seen as protectors of the family. In the Roman period that is our focus here, there were also rituals devoted to rulers, initially deceased Roman emperors,